Compressed Air Safety Guidance
Compressed air is a common and versatile energy source in many industries, used to power tools, machinery, and equipment. However, improper use or maintenance of compressed air systems can lead to serious injuries or equipment failure. This Health and Safety Guidance provides essential information to help employers and workers understand, manage, and control compressed air hazards effectively.
What is Compressed Air?
Compressed air is air stored under pressure in tanks or systems and used as a power source for pneumatic tools, cleaning, or other industrial processes. While convenient and efficient, compressed air can pose significant hazards if released suddenly or handled incorrectly.
Main Hazards Associated with Compressed Air
Using compressed air can create several risks, including:
- Injection injuries: High-pressure air can penetrate the skin and cause severe internal damage.
- Eye and ear injuries: Flying debris or air jets can damage eyes or eardrums.
- Respiratory hazards: Using compressed air for cleaning can disperse dust and contaminants into the air.
- Equipment failure: Poorly maintained systems can rupture or explode under pressure.
- Noise exposure: Pneumatic tools and leaks can produce hazardous noise levels.
Safe Working Practices
To ensure safety when using compressed air systems:
- Use safety nozzles and pressure regulators to control air flow.
- Never use compressed air to clean clothing or skin.
- Inspect hoses and connections regularly for wear, leaks, and damage.
- Ensure air receivers and tanks are inspected and certified by competent persons.
- Provide training for employees on the safe use of pneumatic tools.
- Always depressurise systems before maintenance or adjustment.
Legal Requirements
Employers have a legal duty under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) to ensure compressed air systems are safe to operate. Pressure systems must also comply with the Pressure Systems Safety Regulations (PSSR), which require inspection, maintenance, and written schemes of examination.
Control Measures and Risk Assessment
Conduct a thorough risk assessment before using compressed air systems. Control measures should include:
- Clearly marking high-pressure areas.
- Installing safety valves and pressure gauges.
- Implementing lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedures before maintenance.
- Providing suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) such as eye and hearing protection.
Training and Competence
All personnel who operate or maintain compressed air systems must receive appropriate training and demonstrate competence. Training should include system operation, pressure safety awareness, and emergency procedures.
Compressed air is a valuable workplace tool — but only when managed safely. By following good practice, maintaining equipment, and providing proper training, employers can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and ensure compliance with UK safety legislation.