PUWER stands for the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998. It places duties on employers, the self-employed and anyone who controls work equipment to make sure that equipment is suitable for the job, safe to use, properly maintained and used only by people who have been trained to use it.

The scope is far wider than most people expect. Work equipment covers machinery, hand tools, ladders, lifting accessories, appliances and vehicles used for work — and PUWER applies in every industry, not only construction and manufacturing. It also applies to equipment that is hired, leased or bought second-hand, which is where duty holders are most often caught out.

Which PUWER course do I need? Pick by what you do with the equipment. If you use it, take the awareness course. If you maintain, inspect or repair it, take the essentials course. If you are accountable for equipment compliance across a site or business, take the duty holder course.

PUWER or LOLER? They overlap and both date from 1998. PUWER covers all work equipment; LOLER adds specific duties for lifting equipment and lifting operations. A crane or a hoist is subject to both. If lifting is a significant part of your operation, you need to understand each of them.

Available PUWER courses

Three courses aligned to the three roles PUWER recognises: those who use equipment, those who look after it, and those accountable for it.

Equipment users

PUWER Awareness for Work Equipment Users

E-learning — anyone who operates work equipment

◆ Entry level

For the people actually operating equipment day to day. Covers why PUWER exists, the hazards work equipment presents, the checks to make before use, guarding and controls, and what to do when something is not right. The course most workforces need.

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Maintenance and support

PUWER Essentials for Maintenance and Support Staff

E-learning — maintenance, engineering and support teams

✓ Practitioner

For those who maintain, inspect and repair equipment rather than operate it. Covers the maintenance and inspection duties PUWER imposes, isolation before work, guarding integrity after reassembly, and the records that demonstrate compliance.

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Duty holders

PUWER Compliance Management for Duty Holders

E-learning — managers accountable for equipment compliance

★ Management level

For those carrying the legal duty rather than operating the machine. Covers building and evidencing a PUWER compliance regime — equipment registers, suitability assessment, inspection schedules, competence records and what an inspector will ask to see.

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Lifting equipment too? See LOLER training →

Where PUWER compliance usually fails. Not on the equipment itself, but on the paperwork behind it. Machines are generally in reasonable condition; what is missing is the record showing suitability was assessed, that inspections happened on a schedule, and that the person operating it was trained. PUWER is one of the regulations where an organisation can be doing the right thing in practice and still be unable to prove it — which is the same thing as far as an inspector is concerned.

What PUWER requires

The core duties the regulations place on anyone providing or controlling work equipment.

Suitable for the job

Equipment must be appropriate for the task and the environment it is used in. A tool fit for a workshop may not be fit for a wet or confined space.

Maintained and inspected

Kept in efficient working order and good repair, with inspection where safety depends on the installation or on conditions that cause deterioration.

Used by trained people

Regulation 9 requires adequate training for users, supervisors and managers — including the methods, risks and precautions specific to that equipment.

Guarded and controlled

Dangerous parts protected by guards or other measures, with accessible controls, clear markings and effective isolation and emergency stops.

Related workplace safety topics

Subjects that sit alongside PUWER, with our free guidance on each.

Risk assessment

Assessing the risks work equipment presents is where PUWER compliance starts, and the assessment is the document an inspector asks for first.

LOLER training

The companion regulations for lifting equipment and lifting operations, adding thorough examination requirements on top of PUWER.

Abrasive wheels

A specific application of Regulation 9 — anyone mounting an abrasive wheel must be trained and competent to do so.

Working at height

Ladders, towers and access equipment are work equipment, so PUWER applies alongside the Work at Height Regulations.

Legal responsibilities

What the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and its regulations require of employers, managers and individual employees.

Free health & safety tools

Training matrix, HAVS calculator and other practical tools — useful for tracking who is trained on which equipment.

Training a team? PUWER awareness is one of the few subjects where training the whole workforce is genuinely proportionate — everyone uses equipment of some kind. All three courses are e-learning, so there is no venue, no travel and no shift to cover, and completion records are generated automatically. For larger groups, on-site and bulk arrangements are available — call 0808 1966 830.

PUWER training questions

Is PUWER training a legal requirement?

Regulation 9 of PUWER requires that everyone who uses work equipment has received adequate training in its use, the risks involved and the precautions to take — and that supervisors and managers have the same. The regulations do not name a particular course, so a formal PUWER course is one way of meeting that duty rather than the only way. What matters is that the training is adequate for the equipment and that you can evidence it.

What counts as work equipment?

Almost anything used at work. Machinery and power tools obviously, but also hand tools, ladders and access equipment, lifting accessories, appliances, and vehicles used for work purposes. Office equipment is included in principle, though the risks are lower and the controls correspondingly lighter.

The test is whether it is used by an employee at work, not whether it looks like machinery.

What is the difference between PUWER and LOLER?

PUWER covers all work equipment. LOLER adds further duties specifically for lifting equipment and lifting operations, including thorough examination at set intervals by a competent person. They are not alternatives — a crane, hoist or lifting accessory is subject to both sets of regulations at the same time.

Does PUWER apply to hired or second-hand equipment?

Yes, and this is where organisations most often come unstuck. PUWER duties attach to the person who controls the equipment in use, not only to whoever bought it. Hired plant, leased machinery and second-hand purchases all have to be suitable, maintained and used by trained people. Assuming the hire company has taken care of it is not a defence.

Who is a PUWER duty holder?

Employers, the self-employed and anyone who has control of work equipment or of the way it is used. In practice that usually means the manager or engineer accountable for equipment on a site or across a business, which is who the Compliance Management course is written for.

What is the difference between maintenance and inspection?

Maintenance keeps equipment in efficient working order and good repair. Inspection is a separate check that it remains safe, required where safety depends on the installation conditions or where deterioration would otherwise go unnoticed. They are distinct duties under PUWER, and a maintenance record does not by itself satisfy the inspection requirement.

Does PUWER training expire?

There is no fixed expiry set by the regulations. What PUWER does require is that training remains adequate — so refresher training is expected when new equipment is introduced, when a process changes, after an incident or near miss, or where someone uses equipment infrequently enough that competence may have faded. Many organisations set a review period of two or three years as an internal standard.

Which course should a manager take?

If you are accountable for equipment compliance, the Compliance Management course. If you also operate equipment yourself, the awareness course covers that separately and the two work well together. Regulation 9 applies to managers and supervisors as much as to operators, so a manager who has never had any PUWER training is a gap in its own right.

Related training

LOLER training
Abrasive wheels
Working at height
IOSH courses
NEBOSH courses
CITB courses
Construction courses
Risk assessment guidance
E-learning courses
Health & safety guidance
Free health & safety tools
All health & safety courses
On-site group training

This page is general guidance on the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 and does not replace a competent person’s assessment.